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Polyoxometalates; Metal-organic frameworks; Asymmetric coordination sites; Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
ABSTRACT
To address environmental challenges associated with CO2 emissions, the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO has emerged as a promising strategy. Silver-based catalysts exhibit high selectivity for CO, yet their performance is limited by the high energy barrier of the proton-coupled electron transfer step. Enhancing *H generation is therefore key to lowering this barrier and improving catalytic efficiency. Herein, a rational design integrating polyoxometalates (POMs) with controlled solvent ratios is reported to induce asymmetric active sites, enabling the synthesis of two types of two-dimensional silver-based polyoxometalate@metal−organic framework (POM@MOF) composites (Ag-TPT-SiW12-1 and Ag-TPT-SiW12-2, TPT = 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine). Ag-TPT-SiW12-2 contains asymmetric bifunctional sites (Ag-N2O1 and Ag-N3) that operate synergistically: Ag-N2O1 activates CO2, while Ag-N3 promotes *H generation, thereby accelerating the formation of the *COOH intermediate and enhancing overall catalytic activity, compared with Ag-TPT-SiW12-1. Ag-TPT-SiW12-2 achieves a CO Faradaic efficiency exceeding 90% over a wide potential range (−0.7 V to −1.2 V vs. RHE), maximum at 94.2% at −1.0 V, which is 120% of that of Ag-TPT-SiW12-1. Theoretical calculations combined with experiments indicate that POMs donate electrons to catalytic centers, while cooperative interaction between the asymmetric bifunctional sites lowers the hydrogenation activation energy barrier. This work presents a new paradigm for designing high-performance electrocatalysts through precise electronic modulation and reaction pathway optimization.