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Covalent organic framework aerogels: From preparation strategies to emerging applications

Wenxiu Wu*, Yingying Jing*, Yurong Guo, Zhao Wang, Yen Leng Pak, Xing Gao, Luogang Ding*, Jibin Song*

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjsc.2026.101043

Covalent organic frameworks; COF aerogels; Preparation strategies; Application progress

ABSTRACT

Covalent organic framework (COF) aerogels, as emerging porous crystalline macro-materials, offer a promising route to overcome the longstanding challenges of pristine COF powders in processability, mechanical stability, and mass transport. Despite these advantages, the field still lacks systematic design principles to guide the transition from laboratory exploration to practical applications. This work comprehensively categorizes primary preparation strategies and discusses design rationales of COF aerogels, including physical mixing, in-situ growth, and self-shaping methods. It further highlights the breakthroughs in adsorption, catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, and biotechnology, with an emphasis on how structural features translate into enhanced performance. Finally, the paper critically assesses the current challenges in terms of chemical stability, synthesis cost and large-scale production, structure-activity relationship, and functional integration and intelligentization, and presents perspectives on future directions. This work aims to provide practical guidance for the rational design of next-generation multifunctional COF aerogels.

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